Full Label Transparency · No Fairy Dust · No Proprietary Blends

The Research Library

This is our public reference shelf. Every ingredient in every NutriSana EQ product, the exact amount we use, and the published research behind it — linked, so you can read the studies yourself instead of taking our word for it.

We include the research that doesn't flatter us, too. Where an equine trial found nothing, where the only data is human, where our dose sits below what a study used — it says so on the card. That's the whole point of a transparency page.

ORIGIN — maintenance & young horses — half-strength CORE CORE — performance & high-demand work — the full-send standard REBOUND — rehab & rebuilding — 1.5× CORE strength GLOW — liquid natural vitamin E APEX — milled chia seed
Genuine positive equine evidence exists Mixed, indirect, human-only, or combination-product evidence Direct trial found no effect, or no relevant research located
Section 1 · The Shared Formula

ORIGIN · CORE · REBOUND

One formula, three strength levels, matched to what the horse is actually doing. ORIGIN is half-strength CORE. REBOUND is 1.5× CORE. Every amount below is disclosed in milligrams. Collagen is delivered as one combined Multi-Species Matrix and broken out by Type I, II & III. Tap “View the research” on any card to see the published studies, the dose each one used, and a link to the source.

Foundation

Chia Seed Meal

  • Origin25,000 mg
  • Core50,000 mg
  • Rebound75,000 mg
Human research only
View the research (2 studies)

HumanJin F, et al., Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2012

Dose referenced in this research: 25,000 mg/day milled chia, 7 weeks

Plasma ALA (omega-3) rose 138% above baseline and plasma EPA rose 30%, showing chia's omega-3s are meaningfully absorbed and converted in the body.

Read the source study →

HumanAlwosais EZM, et al., randomized controlled trial, 2021

Dose referenced in this research: 40,000 mg/day, 12 weeks

Chia supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure versus control.

Read the source study →
Structural · Collagen Matrix

Multi-Species Collagen Matrix (Type I, II & III)

Combined collagen total from multiple species sources. Per-source specs aren't broken out on the label — shown here as one matrix, by type.

  • Origin20,030 mg
  • Core40,060 mg
  • Rebound60,090 mg
By TypeOriginCoreRebound
Type I & III13,000 mg26,000 mg39,000 mg
Type I (Marine)5,280 mg10,560 mg15,840 mg
Type II1,750 mg3,500 mg5,250 mg
Matrix Total20,030 mg40,060 mg60,090 mg
Equine clinical evidence (mixed depth)
View the research (9 studies)
Type I & III Collagen

EquineDobenecker B, et al., two-centre trial, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2018

Dose referenced in this research: 25,000–50,000 mg/day, 12 weeks, in horses with osteoarthritis

A specific bioactive collagen peptide (Type I & III) improved lameness and flexion-pain scores in horses versus placebo, with owner-reported mobility and willingness to move also improving.

Read the source study →

Equine (biomarker only)Kranenburg LC, et al., Animals, 2025

Dose referenced in this research: 50,000–100,000 mg/day hydrolyzed collagen, 6 Warmblood mares, cross-over design

The 100 g/day dose produced higher, more sustained plasma amino acid concentrations than the 50 g/day dose. This study measured blood levels only — it did not test a clinical outcome like lameness, coat, or performance, so we're citing it as absorption evidence, not efficacy evidence.

Read the source study →

Equine (microbiome, cautionary)Araújo Júnior AMC, et al., Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2026

Young horses in training; fecal microbiome analysis following collagen supplementation

This study looked at how collagen supplementation affects the gut (fecal) microbiome in young training horses — an area where research is still developing. We haven't been able to review the full published findings in detail yet, so we're not making a specific claim about the result here; we're including the citation for transparency rather than leaving out research that doesn't clearly support the product.

Read the source study →

HumanZdzieblik D, et al., Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2017

Dose referenced in this research: 5,000 mg/day, 12 weeks, 139 athletic adults

Collagen peptide (Type I & III) supplementation significantly reduced activity-related knee joint discomfort versus placebo, both by participant self-report and physician assessment. Pain-at-rest specifically was not significantly different from placebo.

Read the source study →

HumanZdzieblik D, et al., Nutrients, 2018

Dose referenced in this research: 5,000 mg/day, 12 months

Specific collagen peptides (Type I & III) improved bone mineral density and bone-formation markers in postmenopausal women.

Read the source study →
Type I Collagen (Marine)

HumanFish-derived Type I collagen, knee osteoarthritis RCT, Frontiers in Nutrition, 2025

Dose referenced in this research: 3,000 mg/day, 180 days

Significantly reduced joint pain scores versus placebo, with improved physical function.

Read the source study →

HumanSea bass skin collagen, skin-health clinical trial, Cosmetics, 2023

Dose referenced in this research: 7,500 mg/day, 30 days

Improved skin moisture, texture, and elasticity with no adverse effects.

Read the source study →
Type II Collagen (Undenatured)

EquineGupta RC, et al., undenatured type-II collagen vs. glucosamine/chondroitin in arthritic horses, 2009

Dose referenced in this research: 320–640 mg/day, 150 days

Undenatured Type II collagen reduced pain scores in arthritic horses and outperformed glucosamine/chondroitin in this trial. Type II collagen is understood to work through a gut-immune (oral tolerance) pathway rather than a bulk building-block pathway — it's included in the matrix at a much smaller amount than the Type I & III sources for that reason.

Read the source study →

HumanUndenatured type II collagen, knee osteoarthritis trial, International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2009

Dose referenced in this research: 40 mg/day, 90 days

Significantly reduced pain and improved function scores versus a glucosamine/chondroitin comparison group.

Read the source study →
Amino Acid

Glycine

  • Origin3,500 mg
  • Core7,000 mg
  • Rebound10,500 mg
Human research only
View the research (2 studies)

HumanShaw G, et al., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017

Dose referenced in this research: 15,000 mg glycine-rich gelatin, taken before exercise

Markers of new collagen synthesis rose sharply and stayed elevated for up to 72 hours post-exercise, in a dose-dependent way.

Read the source study →

Human (lab research)Paz-Lugo P, et al., Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 2018

Cell-culture study establishing mechanism, not a whole-body dose trial

Glycine is a rate-limiting building block for collagen synthesis in cartilage cells — typical dietary intake was calculated as insufficient to fully support the body's collagen-building demand.

Read the source study →
Anti-Inflammatory

Boswellia Serrata Extract

  • Origin3,500 mg
  • Core7,000 mg
  • Rebound10,500 mg
Equine data (combination product)
View the research (2 studies)

Equine (combination product)Beghelli D, et al., show jumping horses, Life, 2023

Dose referenced in this research: a commercial 3-botanical combination product (Boswellia serrata + Verbascum thapsus/mullein + Curcuma longa/turmeric), 70 mL/day with feed, 10 days

Significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and shifted the serum protein profile in performance horses. Because Boswellia was tested alongside mullein and turmeric rather than alone, this result can't be attributed to Boswellia specifically. The same trial found no measurable increase in cell or serum antioxidant defenses.

Read the source study →

HumanStandardized Boswellia extract, knee osteoarthritis RCT, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2024

Dose referenced in this research: 300–600 mg/day, 90 days

Reduced pain scores by up to 62% and lowered inflammatory markers (TNFα, CRP, IL-6) within days of starting.

Read the source study →
Amino Acid

L-Lysine

  • Origin3,000 mg
  • Core6,000 mg
  • Rebound9,000 mg
Equine evidence: mixed results
View the research (3 studies)

EquineGraham-Thiers PM, Kronfeld DS, Journal of Animal Science, 2005

Dose referenced in this research: 20,000 mg/day lysine (paired with threonine), 14 weeks

Amino acid supplementation improved muscle mass scores and reduced markers of muscle protein breakdown in both aged and young horses.

Read the source study →

EquineMastellar SL, Coleman RJ, Urschel KL, The Veterinary Journal, 2016

Graded lysine intake levels fed to yearling horses; whole-body protein synthesis measured

Higher lysine intake raised plasma lysine concentrations, but this did not translate into a measurable increase in whole-body protein synthesis in the yearlings studied — a useful reminder that more circulating amino acid doesn't automatically mean more muscle built.

Read the source study →

Equine (review)Mok CH, Urschel KL, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2020

Invited review of amino acid requirement research in horses

Summarizes what is and isn't established about equine amino acid needs, and points to open gaps in requirement data — lysine is comparatively well-studied, but requirement science in horses generally lags well behind other species.

Read the source study →
Botanical

Ceylon Cinnamon

  • Origin2,500 mg
  • Core5,000 mg
  • Rebound7,500 mg
Equine trial found no effect
View the research (2 studies)

HumanCeylon cinnamon extract RCT, PLOS ONE, 2025

Dose referenced in this research: 1,000 mg/day, 12 weeks

Significantly reduced fasting blood glucose versus placebo, with the effect more pronounced in participants with type 2 diabetes.

Read the source study →

EquineEarl LR, Thompson DL Jr, Mitcham PB, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2012

Cinnamon extract fed to mares; insulin sensitivity measured

In this trial, cinnamon extract did not significantly change insulin sensitivity in the mares studied. We're naming that directly — the only equine trial we found on cinnamon and metabolic effect was a null result, even though the human data above is favorable.

Read the source study →
Amino Acid

L-Methionine (DL)

  • Origin2,000 mg
  • Core4,000 mg
  • Rebound6,000 mg
Equine trial found no effect
View the research (1 study)

EquineWinsco KN, Coverdale JA, Wickersham TA, Shelton JL, Journal of Animal Science, 2011

Dose referenced in this research: graded dietary methionine levels (0.20–0.31% of diet), 56 days, weanling Quarter Horses

This trial found no significant effect of methionine level on growth, nitrogen balance, or urinary nitrogen measures in weanlings. We're naming that plainly — the one dedicated equine methionine trial we located was a null result, not a supporting one.

Read the source study →
Amino Acid

L-Threonine

  • Origin2,000 mg
  • Core4,000 mg
  • Rebound6,000 mg
Equine evidence: benefit tied to pairing, not confirmed alone
View the research (3 studies)

EquineGraham-Thiers PM, Kronfeld DS, Journal of Animal Science, 2005

Dose referenced in this research: 15,000 mg/day (paired with lysine), 14 weeks

Paired with lysine, threonine supplementation improved muscle mass scores and reduced a marker of muscle breakdown in horses. This trial tested threonine alongside lysine, not threonine alone.

Read the source study →

EquineMok CH, Levesque C, Urschel KL, Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2018

Graded threonine intake levels (41–89 mg/kg bodyweight/day), forage-based diet, Thoroughbred mares

Using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique, this study could not identify a clear threonine requirement breakpoint in horses on a predominantly forage diet — a standalone dose-response benefit wasn't established.

Read the source study →

EquineMok CH, Levesque CL, Urschel KL, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2021

Graded threonine intake levels (45–102 mg/kg bodyweight/day), 1:1 forage-to-concentrate diet, Thoroughbred mares

Again using indicator amino acid oxidation, no breakpoint was detected across the tested range, and the authors suggested the requirement may sit below what was tested. Taken together, these two studies say threonine is a required amino acid whose marginal value depends heavily on the basal diet — not a demonstrated standalone muscle-performance booster.

Read the source study →
Mineral

Magnesium Glycinate

  • Origin2,000 mg
  • Core4,000 mg
  • Rebound6,000 mg
No direct equine magnesium-glycinate trial identified
View the research (2 studies)

Equine (different magnesium salt)Dodd, et al., Charles Sturt University

Dose referenced in this research: 2,500–10,000 mg elemental magnesium/day, as magnesium aspartate — not magnesium glycinate

The first objective measurement of a behavioral effect from oral magnesium in horses — reaction speed slowed in a dose-dependent way, consistent with a calming effect. This trial used magnesium aspartate; we haven't located a published trial using magnesium glycinate specifically in horses.

Read the source study →

Equine (different magnesium salt)Sheldon SA, et al., Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2019

Dose referenced in this research: 24.2 mg/kg bodyweight/day, as magnesium citrate — not magnesium glycinate

Magnesium supplementation reduced headshaking-behavior frequency by 52% in affected horses. This trial used magnesium citrate; the general behavioral-support research on magnesium in horses is real, but it hasn't been run specifically on the glycinate form used in this formula.

Read the source study →
Probiotic

Yea-Sacc® (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

  • Origin1,900 mg
  • Core3,800 mg
  • Rebound5,700 mg
Equine evidence: strain-dependent, mixed
View the research (3 studies)

EquineSandrini S, Perricone V, Pea A, Agazzi A, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2025

Dose referenced in this research: 3,000 mg/day (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain DBVPG 48 SF), mature Quarter Horses on a high-fiber diet

Improved apparent digestibility of a high-fiber diet.

Read the source study →

EquineCarter MM, et al., Journal of Animal Science, 2025

Dose referenced in this research: 25,000 mg/day (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CNCM I-1077), 32 days, high-starch diet, mature Quarter Horse geldings

No difference in intake, digestibility, or inflammation markers attributable to the yeast — both groups' inflammation markers declined similarly over time regardless of supplementation. A secondary finding was a favorable shift in gut microbiota composition.

Read the source study →

Equine (review)Perricone V, et al., Animals, 2022

Review of published equine live-yeast digestibility and gut microbiota trials

Describes results across the live-yeast literature as “sometimes contradictory,” varying by strain, dose, duration, diet, and individual horse. None of the specific trials above used Yea-Sacc's own branded strain (1026) — we're citing the closest available published research on live yeast in horses generally, not a trial of this exact product.

Read the source study →
Botanical

Yucca Extract

  • Origin1,500 mg
  • Core3,000 mg
  • Rebound4,500 mg
Limited published research
View the research (2 references)

ReviewCheeke PR, Journal of Inflammation, 2006

Mechanistic review — no standardized dose reported

Yucca's saponin and phenolic compounds are understood to support the body's normal inflammatory response and gut comfort. This is genuinely one of the less-studied ingredients in the formula, and we'd rather say that plainly than overstate it.

Read the source →

Equine (combination product, pilot)Miller R, Suagee-Bedore J, et al., conference abstract, Journal of Animal Science, 2019

A commercial yucca + fenugreek supplement, fed for 4 weeks to minimally-exercised horses

Supplemented horses showed significantly lower post-exercise blood lactate than an unsupplemented, actively-conditioned comparison group. This is a positive signal, but it's a conference-abstract-level pilot, tested yucca combined with fenugreek (not alone), and hasn't yet been published as a full peer-reviewed paper.

Read the source →
Performance

L-Carnitine Base

  • Origin1,250 mg
  • Core2,500 mg
  • Rebound3,750 mg
Equine evidence: mixed, low bioavailability
View the research (4 studies)

EquineRivero JLL, et al., Standardbreds in training, 2002

Dose referenced in this research: 10,000 mg/day, 10 weeks

Combined with treadmill training, oral L-carnitine promoted favorable skeletal muscle fiber-type and metabolic changes beyond training alone (confirmed via muscle biopsy).

Read the source study →

EquineFoster CVL, Harris RC, Snow DH, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A, 1988

Oral L-carnitine supplementation, Thoroughbred horses

Oral carnitine significantly increased plasma and urine carnitine concentrations, confirming it's absorbed and raises circulating levels — this early study is commonly cited as evidence that oral carnitine's bioavailability and effect on muscle-tissue concentration specifically are more limited than blood-level changes alone would suggest.

Read the source study →

EquineKranenburg LC, et al., Veterinary Quarterly, 2014

Dose referenced in this research: 100 mg/kg bodyweight/day, 28 days, warmblood geldings

Long-term oral L-carnitine did not improve insulin sensitivity or glucose disposal, though it did raise plasma leptin and circulating carnitine/acylcarnitines.

Read the source study →

Equine (combination product)Johnson SE, et al., Animals, 2023

A commercial carnitine-containing recovery product, given before and after exercise

Mostly null results on lactate, heart rate, and inflammation markers. One significant positive: horses on the product retained more front-fetlock flexion two days post-exercise than horses on placebo. Carnitine was one ingredient among several in this product, not tested alone.

Read the source study →
Botanical

Rosehips Powder

  • Origin1,000 mg
  • Core2,000 mg
  • Rebound3,000 mg
Equine evidence: dose-dependent
View the research (1 study)

EquineWinther K, Kharazmi A, Hansen ASV, Falk-Rønne J, Comparative Exercise Physiology, 2012

Dose referenced in this research: 25,000 mg/day and 50,000 mg/day (compared head-to-head), 16 Standardbred trotters, 3-month (84-day) randomized controlled trial

This is a single study testing two dose levels side by side, not two separate trials. The 50,000 mg/day dose produced a significant, sustained increase in plasma vitamin C and a significant decline in oxidative-stress markers (oxidative anion release). The 25,000 mg/day dose showed only a nonsignificant trend on the same measures — the benefit shown here is dose-dependent, and CORE's 2,000 mg/day dose is well below both tested amounts, so we're not implying the study's effect size applies at this formula's dose.

Read the source study →
Electrolyte

Coconut Water Powder

  • Origin1,000 mg
  • Core2,000 mg
  • Rebound3,000 mg
Human research only
View the research (1 study)

HumanKalman DS, et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2012

Dose referenced in this research: coconut water beverage consumed post-exercise (liquid form, not powder)

Coconut water is a natural source of potassium and trace electrolytes. Research on the liquid form is more established than on concentrated powder specifically — we think that distinction is worth naming.

Read the source study →
Botanical

Artichoke Leaf Extract

  • Origin500 mg
  • Core1,000 mg
  • Rebound1,500 mg
Human research + equine combo context
View the research (3 studies)

HumanPanahi Y, et al., Phytotherapy Research, 2018

Dose referenced in this research: 600 mg/day, 8 weeks

Significantly improved liver enzyme markers and reduced disease severity in patients with fatty liver disease.

Read the source study →

Human (meta-analysis)Amini MR, et al., Clinical Nutrition Research, 2022

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials, 575 participants

Artichoke supplementation significantly reduced liver enzymes (ALT and AST) across pooled trials, with a stronger effect at shorter durations and at doses above 500 mg/day. Authors note larger, higher-quality trials are still needed.

Read the source study →

Equine (combination product)Mosquera Jaramillo F, et al., Veterinary Record Open, 2020

A combined artichoke + milk thistle product, 13,000 mg/day, 30 days, horses undergoing imidocarb dipropionate treatment

This equine trial tested artichoke alongside milk thistle, not alone, so any liver-support effect can't be attributed to artichoke specifically. We're including it as the closest available equine context, not as standalone equine proof.

Read the source study →
Immune

Beta Glucan (1,3/1,6)

  • Origin112.5 mg
  • Core225 mg
  • Rebound337.5 mg
Equine evidence: immune markers up
View the research (3 studies)

EquinePicetti T, et al., Veterinary World, 2021

Dose referenced in this research: 125–2,000 mg/day, 28 days, Thoroughbreds

Orally administered beta glucan improved immune complement activity in horses, with the higher dose additionally increasing circulating monocytes — a marker of innate immune engagement.

Read the source study →

EquineLacerenza MD, et al., Animals, 2024

Dose referenced in this research: 10 mg/kg bodyweight/day, 30 days, followed by an experimental LPS (endotoxin) challenge

Beta glucan raised total protein, globulins, and IL-8, and shifted immune cell populations toward a more favorable pattern — but did not significantly reduce clinical signs of endotoxemia after the challenge. We're including the clinical-endpoint result alongside the immune-marker result rather than only the favorable half.

Read the source study →

Equine (review)Piecuch A, Szterk A, Research in Veterinary Science, 2025

Review of beta-glucan research in equine health and performance

Summarizes the current published picture on beta-glucan's biological effects in horses across immune and performance contexts.

Read the source study →
Structural

Bamboo Extract (70% Silica)

  • Origin70 mg
  • Core140 mg
  • Rebound210 mg
Equine trial found no effect
View the research (4 studies)

EquinePritchard A, et al., Journal of Animal Science, 2020

Dose referenced in this research: approx. 1,500 mg/day silica-collagen product, 84 days, mature horses

This particular trial found no measurable change in lameness or joint markers at the dose tested — the researchers noted an effective silicon dose for horses has not yet been firmly established. We're including this study because we'd rather show the full research picture, including results that aren't a clean win.

Read the source study →

Equine (review)Pritchard A, Nielsen BD, Nutrients, 2024

Umbrella review of silicon-supplementation research across species, including horses

Notes that horses given roughly 54 mg silicon/day showed no change in synovial-fluid collagen metabolism or lameness, and concludes that the silicon doses shown to be effective in animal studies generally exceed what's realistically achievable through normal diet or typical supplement doses.

Read the source study →

Equine (different product, non-equivalent)Wang C, … Zeng Y (corresponding author), Life, 2025

0–30,000 mg/day bamboo-leaf extract, 60 days, lactating Yili mares

This study used a bamboo-leaf extract (Lophatherum gracile) standardized to 60% flavonoids, in lactating mares, and measured milk production and gut microbiota — a different plant part, different active-compound standardization, and different use case than the 70%-silica bamboo extract in this formula. We're citing it only as non-equivalent context, not as supporting evidence for silica or structural claims.

Read the source study →

HumanWickett RR, et al., Archives of Dermatological Research, 2007

Dose referenced in this research: 10 mg elemental silicon/day, 9 months

A highly bioavailable silicon form supported hair strength and connective-tissue integrity versus placebo. Note: this study used a different, more soluble silicon source than bamboo-derived silica.

Read the source study →
↑ Back to top
Section 2 · Liquid Antioxidant

GLOW — Natural Vitamin E

GLOW is a liquid natural vitamin E: sunflower-derived, soy-free, free-form d-alpha tocopherol at 1,000 IU per mL, carried in coconut-derived MCT oil, with rosemary extract standardized to 5% carnosic acid as the antioxidant system that keeps it stable.

Vitamin E is the one place in this line where the equine research is genuinely strong — and specifically strong on the question GLOW is built around, which is form. Multiple horse studies have compared natural versus synthetic, and liquid/solubilized versus dry acetate powder, head to head. Those are below. The rosemary and carrier cards are held to the same standard, which means we tell you where the evidence stops.

Antioxidant · Fat-Soluble Vitamin

Natural Vitamin E (free-form d-alpha tocopherol, sunflower-derived)

Free-form (alcohol) natural vitamin E — not tocopheryl acetate, and not synthetic dl-alpha. See feeding directions on the GLOW product page for your horse's serving.

  • Per 1 mL1,000 IU
  • Per 10 mL10,000 IU
Genuine positive equine evidence
View the research (5 studies)
Form: liquid/solubilized vs. dry acetate powder

EquineBrown JC, Valberg SJ, Hogg M, Finno CJ, Equine Veterinary Journal, 2017;49(6):753–758

Dose referenced in this research: 5,000 IU/day for 8 weeks — natural water-soluble liquid RRR-alpha-tocopherol vs. natural vitamin E acetate powder vs. unsupplemented control, in horses with subclinical vitamin E deficiency

The water-soluble liquid raised serum alpha-tocopherol within one week and stayed higher than the powder for the whole study. The acetate powder took roughly seven weeks to significantly raise serum levels at the same IU. Cerebrospinal fluid levels tracked with serum. Worth naming honestly: muscle alpha-tocopherol showed no difference between groups — this study demonstrates the form gets into circulation faster, not that muscle tissue levels changed in 8 weeks.

Read the source study →
Form: natural vs. synthetic in working horses

EquineFagan MM, Harris P, Adams A, Pazdro R, Krotky A, Call J, Duberstein KJ, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2020;91:103103

Dose referenced in this research: 18 horses through a 6-week standardized training program — synthetic alpha-tocopherol at 1,000 IU/day, synthetic at 4,000 IU/day, and natural RRR-alpha-tocopherol at 4,000 IU/day

Natural vitamin E raised serum alpha-tocopherol by 77%, versus 33% for the same IU of synthetic and 23% for low-dose synthetic. The natural group also showed lower post-exercise oxidative stress and muscle-damage markers. This is the clearest equine evidence that IU-for-IU, the natural form and the synthetic form are not interchangeable.

Read the source study →

EquinePusterla N, Puschner B, Steidl S, Collier J, Kane E, Stuart RL, Veterinary Record, 2010;166(12):366–368

Dose referenced in this research: 15 horses, 14 days — natural water-soluble micellized d-alpha-tocopherol at 5,000 IU/day and 10,000 IU/day vs. synthetic dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate at 10,000 IU/day

The natural micellized form showed greater bioavailability than the same IU of synthetic acetate. Synthetic at 10,000 IU/day failed to raise cerebrospinal fluid alpha-tocopherol over 14 days, while the natural form rose dose-dependently in both serum and CSF.

Read the source study →
Dose response

EquineHiggins JK, Puschner B, Kass PH, Pusterla N, American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2008;69(6):785–790

Dose referenced in this research: 10 horses — water-soluble natural micellized d-alpha-tocopherol at 1,000 IU/day vs. 10,000 IU/day, 10 days on then 10 days off

Serum plateaued around 2.96 mcg/mL on 1,000 IU/day versus roughly 6.6 mcg/mL on 10,000 IU/day, and CSF concentrations rose 1.3–3.4x in 9 of 10 horses. Oral natural vitamin E reaches the central nervous system, and it does so in proportion to dose. Serving size is a real variable, not a rounding error.

Read the source study →
The counterweight — what vitamin E did not do

EquineSiciliano PD, Parker AL, Lawrence LM, Journal of Animal Science, 1997;75(6):1553–1560

Dose referenced in this research: 19 horses, 90 days, exercised 5 days/week — basal diet (<44 IU/kg dry matter), basal + 80 IU/kg, and basal + 300 IU/kg

Serum alpha-tocopherol declined on the basal and +80 IU/kg diets but held steady on +300 IU/kg — so maintaining vitamin E status through a training block required the higher intake. But muscle enzymes (CK, AST) rose with exercise regardless of vitamin E level, and lipid-peroxidation markers did not differ. We include this because it's the honest limit: this trial supports feeding enough vitamin E to hold status under work, and does not support a claim that vitamin E protects muscle from exercise damage.

Read the source study →
Antioxidant System

Rosemary Extract (5% carnosic acid)

Included as the antioxidant that protects the vitamin E in the bottle. Standardized to 5% carnosic acid.

  • Standardization5% carnosic acid
No equine research located; evidence is lipid-chemistry
View the research (2 studies) & what it does not show

Lab (lipid systems)Hopia AI, Huang S-W, Schwarz K, German JB, Frankel EN, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1996;44(8):2030–2036

Rosemary's two main diterpenes — carnosic acid and carnosol — tested with and without alpha-tocopherol across bulk oil and oil-in-water emulsion systems

In mixtures, carnosic acid increased the oxidative stability of alpha-tocopherol in corn oil. Carnosol — the other major rosemary diterpene — decreased it. That's why the standardization matters: which rosemary compound you're buying, and at what percentage, changes the result. This is bench chemistry in an oil system, which is exactly the right evidence for a claim about protecting the vitamin E in the bottle.

Read the source study →

Lab (accelerated storage)Jung H, Kim I, Jung S, Lee J, Applied Biological Chemistry, 2021;64:6

Chia and flax seed oils held 14 days at 65°C, with and without rosemary and garlic extracts

Rosemary extract outperformed both BHT (a synthetic preservative) and alpha-tocopherol alone at protecting these omega-3-rich oils from oxidation, producing the lowest conjugated diene values at day 14. Same reason it's in GLOW.

Read the source study →

What this does NOT showOur own note

There is no equine trial of carnosic acid, and no in-vivo mammalian study we could find showing carnosic acid regenerating spent vitamin E inside a living animal's tissue. The tocopherol-sparing chemistry above is real and it is measured in oils, not in horses. So we describe rosemary here as what we can defend: a second antioxidant that protects the vitamin E it's bottled with. If that changes when better research exists, we'll change this card.

Carrier

MCT Oil (coconut-derived)

The oil base the vitamin E is dissolved in. Coconut-derived, soy-free.

  • RoleCarrier base
Mechanism established in humans; no equine carrier comparison located
View the research (1 review) & the honest caveat

Human (review)Reboul E, Antioxidants, 2017;6(4):95

Review of the mechanisms of intestinal vitamin E absorption

Vitamin E has to be solubilized into mixed micelles in the gut before it can be absorbed at all, and it needs dietary fat present to do it — roughly 3 g of fat was identified as the minimum for optimal tocopherol absorption. Once absorbed, most vitamin E is packaged into chylomicrons and released into the lymph. That's the case for delivering vitamin E already dissolved in an oil rather than as a dry powder: it arrives in a form the gut can work with immediately.

Read the source study →

The caveat we're not hidingOur own note

The same review reports that tocopheryl acetate bioaccessibility was higher in long-chain triglyceride emulsions than in medium-chain triglyceride ones, likely because longer-chain fatty acids form micelles with more solubilizing capacity. So we are not going to tell you MCT is the superior carrier — the published comparison doesn't say that. What the research supports is the oil-versus-powder difference, which is the real gap. MCT is in GLOW because it is a clean, stable, soy-free, neutral-tasting base that horses accept and that doesn't go off on a shelf in a hot tack room.

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Section 3 · Forage Add-On

APEX — Milled Chia Seed

APEX is milled chia seed with a certificate of analysis. It is the simplest thing we sell and the one where we most want to be careful, because chia marketing is full of claims nobody has actually tested. Here is what the literature does and doesn't support.

Foundation · Omega-3

Milled Chia Seed

Milling opens the seed coat so the oil inside is accessible. See APEX →

  • FormMilled, COA on file
Human research only; no equine chia research exists
View the research (1 study) & its limits

HumanJin F, Nieman DC, Sha W, Xie G, Qiu Y, Jia W, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2012;67:105–110

Dose referenced in this research: 25,000 mg/day milled chia, 7 weeks, 10 postmenopausal women

Plasma ALA (omega-3) rose 138% above baseline and plasma EPA rose 30%. Milled chia's omega-3s are absorbed and converted.

Read the source study →

The limits of that studyOur own note

This trial had no whole-chia comparison arm and no placebo, ten participants, and they were human. So it shows that milled chia raises plasma omega-3s. It does not show that milled beats whole, and you will never see us put a percentage on a milled-versus-whole comparison, because no one has run that study. The case for milling is mechanical and it is enough on its own: an intact seed coat is a barrier, and grinding removes it.

The gapOur own note

There is no published equine chia research. None. We checked, and independent equine nutrition groups say the same thing. Chia is in our program because of what it does mechanically in a bucket — it soaks, it gels, it carries a fat and fiber source into a forage-first diet — and because it gave us a seed that doesn't trigger the flax allergies we've seen in our own barn. That is a formulation reason, not a clinical trial, and we're not going to dress it up as one.

Freshness

Milling, Oxidation & Why We Grind In House

The honest version of the freshness conversation.

  • PracticeSmall-batch, in house
Lab data only; runs against the common chia marketing claim
View the research (1 study) & the claim we threw out

Lab (accelerated storage)Jung H, Kim I, Jung S, Lee J, Applied Biological Chemistry, 2021;64:6

Chia seed oil and flax seed oil held 14 days at 65°C, with and without rosemary and garlic extracts

Chia seed oil's peroxide value rose 14.4-fold over the test period (1.6 to 23.1 meq/kg). Flax oil rose 8.3-fold. Under these conditions chia oxidized faster than flax, not slower. Rosemary extract protected both better than BHT or alpha-tocopherol alone.

Read the source study →

The claim we removedOur own note

You will see it written that chia's own antioxidants mean ground chia doesn't go rancid the way flax does. We drafted that line ourselves, went looking for the primary source, and found vendor blogs instead of research — while the actual lipid chemistry above points the other way. Fair caveat: that study used extracted oil, not intact milled seed, so it isn't a direct refutation. But it's not support either. Anytime you grind a seed you start a clock. The answer isn't pretending the clock doesn't exist. The answer is not letting it run — we mill in house, in small batches.

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Section 4 · In the Field

Case Files

Research tells you what an ingredient did in a controlled trial. Case files tell you what happened to a real horse on a real timeline, with the vet work, the setbacks, and the parts that didn't go to plan. We keep them separate on purpose — an owner-reported outcome is not a clinical result, and we're not going to blur that line.

Featured Case File

Beyond the Cut: Soft Tissue, DDFT & Superficial Flexor Healing in Real Life

A laceration involving the deep and superficial digital flexor tendons, followed through the rehab: imaging, modality work, the supplement progression from CORE to REBOUND, and how long each stage actually took.

Read the full case file →

How We Document

What Goes Into a Case File

Starting point and diagnosis where one exists. The full diet, not just our product. Dates. What else changed at the same time — shoeing, modality work, turnout, workload. What the vet said. And what we can't attribute.

If a horse got better while on four new things at once, that's four variables, and we'll say so in the write-up rather than hand the credit to the scoop.

See all case files →

Owner Reports

Reviews & Real Results

Verified customer reviews, submitted directly through the site. These are owner observations, not measured outcomes — useful for what they are, and labeled as such.

Read the reviews →

Open · GLOW

GLOW Field Cases: In Progress

GLOW launched in June 2026, so we don't yet have documented case files on it, and we'd rather show you an empty shelf than a manufactured one. Vitamin E status is measurable — a serum alpha-tocopherol draw before and after is a real before-and-after.

If you're running GLOW and willing to pull bloodwork with your vet, we want that data, whichever direction it goes.

Talk to us about documenting a case →

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Section 5 · Not Ours

Outside References

Sources we didn't write, don't control, and don't profit from. If you only read one thing on this page, make it one of these.

  • Finno CJ, Valberg SJ — A Comparative Review of Vitamin E and Associated Equine Disorders Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2012;26(6):1251–1266. The standard reference on vitamin E in horses: forms, absorption, deficiency, and the neuromuscular disorders tied to it. Read it →
  • UC Davis Veterinary Medicine — Finno Laboratory: Vitamin E in Horses The university research group behind much of the current equine vitamin E literature, written for horse owners. Read it →
  • American Association of Equine Practitioners Owner education and care guidelines from the profession that actually treats your horse. Start here before you start anywhere. Read it →
  • Our ingredient & COA page Sourcing, certificates of analysis, and what each ingredient is doing in the bucket. Read it →
  • Full Transparency — every dose, every product Serving sizes and complete ingredient disclosure for CORE, ORIGIN, and REBOUND, side by side. Read it →
  • Equine nutrition consultation If your question is really about the diet underneath the supplement — which it usually is — start with forage and work up. Book one →